Female participation in sports has increased significantly in recent years. However, most traditional training programs have historically been designed around male physiology. Female athletes experience natural hormonal fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle, which can influence strength, endurance, recovery, and injury risk.

In sports physiotherapy practice, one important aspect that is often overlooked in training and rehabilitation programs is the menstrual cycle. Female athletes do not experience the same hormonal environment every day of the month. Instead, their bodies go through natural hormonal fluctuations that can influence energy levels, muscle performance, recovery, and injury risk.Understanding these changes allows sports physiotherapists, coaches, and athletes to design more effective and safer training programs.